The four common components of a motion control system

1. Controller: used to generate trajectory points, i.e. expected output.
2. Driver: Used to convert control signals (usually speed or torque signals) from motion controllers into higher power current or voltage signals, and output them to actuators.
3. actuators: such as hydraulic pumps, cylinders, linear actuators, or motors, used to output motion.
4. Feedback sensor: The external encoder in the case is a common feedback sensor, which feedbacks the position, speed, torque and other signals of the actuator to the controller or driver to achieve closed-loop control. Other common sensors include photoelectric encoders, rotary transformers, or Hall effect devices.