1. Laser source
The laser source is the "heart" of the laser cutting machine, and its performance directly determines the power level, long-term stability, and final cutting ability of the entire machine.
Fiber laser: the mainstream choice for industrial applications, with high photoelectric conversion efficiency, suitable for metal cutting.
Carbon dioxide laser: suitable for non-metallic materials such as wood and plastic, but with high energy consumption.
Solid state lasers (such as YAG lasers): Previously widely used, but now largely replaced by fiber lasers.
2. Laser Cutting Head
The laser head directs the laser beam precisely onto the material surface. It typically consists of focusing lenses, nozzles, sensors, and an auto-focus system.
Beam Focusing: Enhances energy density to improve cutting capability.
Auto-Focus: Ensures accurate cutting across different material thicknesses.
Nozzles & Assist Gas: Uses oxygen, nitrogen, or air to remove slag and enhance cutting quality.
3. CNC Control System
The CNC system determines the cutting path, speed, and power adjustments, making high-precision automated processing possible.
Path Optimization: Intelligently plans cutting trajectories to reduce processing time.
Kerf Compensation: Adjusts settings to enhance cutting precision.
Smart Processing: Supports intelligent parameter adjustments.
4. Motion System
The motion system ensures that the laser head moves along a precise path, usually consisting of servo motors, guide rails, lead screws, or rack and pinion systems.
Positioning Accuracy: High-precision guide rails can achieve ±0.02mm precision.
Dynamic Response: High-end servo motors improve acceleration and enhance productivity.
Types of Motion Systems:
Rack and Pinion Drive: Suitable for large-format high-speed cutting.
Ball Screw Drive: Ideal for small-format, high-precision processing.
5. Assist Gas System
Assist gas not only removes slag but also directly affects cutting quality and speed.
Oxygen (O₂): Enhances combustion, suitable for carbon steel cutting, and increases speed.
Nitrogen (N₂): Prevents oxidation, ideal for stainless steel and aluminum cutting, improving quality.
Air: Cost-effective and eco-friendly, suitable for medium- and low-power cutting.
6. Machine Bed
The machine bed supports the entire cutting system and determines equipment stability and processing precision.
Cast Iron Bed: High rigidity, excellent vibration resistance, suitable for high-power laser cutters.
Welded Bed: Suitable for medium- and low-power machines, more cost-effective.
The Mortise-and-Tenon Welding Bed Frame: Optimized strength for durability.
